The assessment comprised an Asset Quality Review (AQR) and a stress test under a baseline and an adverse scenario. More than 2,528 sampled non-retail debtors were reviewed, while 11,826 collateral items with a total value of 21.44 billion were investigated.
Capital needs
From a starting point of Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital of 25.8 billion in June 2015, the exercise identified a capital depletion of 9.6 billion euros from the AQR and an additional 1 billion in the baseline and 16 billion in the adverse stress test.
This resulted in a capital shortfall of 4.39 billion euros in the baseline and 14.4 billion in the adverse scenario of the stress test for the four Greek banks.
Alpha and Eurobank showed the lowest capital needs both under the baseline (at 263 and 339 million respectively) and the adverse scenario (2.74 and 2.12 billion respectively).
NBG and Piraeus’s capital needs were at the high end, at 1.58 and 2.21 billion euros respectively in the baseline and at 4.6 and 4.93 billion in the adverse scenario of the stress tests.
The breakdown of the AQR capital depletion displayed Alpha AQR adjustment stood at the low end at 1.74 billion euros, followed by Eurobank at 2.19 billion, NBG at 2.46 billion and Piraeus at 3.21 billion.
AQR
The direct AQR impact on CET1 reflecting higher non-performing exposures (NPEs) as well as lower collateral values and cash-flow valuations reached 9.2 billion. This figure is made up by collective provisioning of 4.4 billion euros, impact from the risk-based sample of 2.7 billion and projection of findings (i.e. extrapolation of the sample findings to the un-sampled population of each portfolio) of 1.9 billion.
The breakdown among the various business segments showed provisions in the AQR were increased by 58 percent in the residential real estate, 49 percent in the non-residential real estate, 32 percent in the large corporate, 22 percent in the large SMEs, 31 percent in the domestic shipping and 28 percent in the non-domestic shipping portfolios.
At the same time, the AQR identified additional NPEs of 7 billion euros, mainly driven by the deteriorating macroeconomic conditions in Greece. The biggest increase was posted in large SMEs (2.3 billion) followed by large corporates and residential real estate that showed additional NPEs of 2 billion each.
Following the AQR, the NPE ratio increased by 3.5 percentage points (pp) 48.6 percent from 45.1 percent before. The lowest rise was recorded by Eurobank (+1.2 pp to 41.6 percent) and the biggest by NBG (+5.8 pp), with Piraeus having the highest post-AQR NPE ratio of 56.7 percent.
Stress test
The divergence of the capital needs under the baseline and the adverse stress test scenarios clearly resulted from the latter’s harsher macroeconomic assumptions.
In particular, real GDP was assumed to contract by almost 7 percent in the 2015-2017 period in the adverse scenario compared to a modest drop by 1 percent in the baseline scenario.
Similarly, housing prices were projected to decline by a cumulative 22.5 percent in the adverse vis-à-vis a 13 percent decrease in the baseline scenario.
Based on those assumptions, the impact of the evolution of the key P&L items resulted in a 0.3 percent cumulative drop in CET1 in the baseline and a 7.8 percent decline in the adverse scenario.
The divergence between the two scenarios was primarily driven by provisions and net interest income (NII). In specific, provisions had a negative impact of 4.8 percent on CET1 on the baseline and of 9.1 percent in the adverse scenario. On the revenue front, NII growth was projected at 9.6 percent in the baseline scenario, slowing to 7.1 percent in the adverse.
It is also worth noting that the capital hurdle rates in this year’s stress tests stood well above those applied last year, primarily in the adverse scenario, reflecting a more conservative approach adopted by the ECB.
In particular, banks were required to maintain a minimum CET1 ratio of 8 percent in the adverse scenario (from 5.5 percent last year) and of 9.5 percent in the baseline scenario (from 8 percent in 2014).